Revision as of 12:44, 1 August 2023

A collection of small helper scripts.

module load cae

will you take care that these are found when called through the commandline or e.g. a job script.

Workspaces

ws_exchange procedure

Note: obsolete, see note about ws_exchange replacements

Exchanging data between users can be done using a workspace. If the users don't share a common group it is not advisable to just create such a workspace with permissions set to read (or/and write) and execute to world (others) since everyone on the systems gets access to the data. ws_exchange uses such a workspace with a slight modification: the workspace directory permissions are set to execute for all, but only the user is allowed to read its contents. A readable(/writable) subdirectory is therefore "invisble"/secret to others. This approach is not secure, but better than the "open to all" approach.

Warning: Never use the secret subdirectory name within the arguments of command line tools. (also see ws_cp2exchange)

ws_exchange

Looking at the help first:

$ module load cae

$ ws_exchange -h

usage: ws_exchange [-s <secret subdirectory name>] [-d <workspace duration>] [-w <workspacename>] [-f <workspace filesystem>] [-p <permissions>]
       -s <secret subdirectory name> [default: random name]
       -d <workspace duration [d]>   [default: 1 days (48 hours)]
       -w <workspacename>            [default: exchange%Y%m%d%H%M%S]
       -f <workspace filesystem>     [default: default of ws_allocate]
       -p <subdirectory permissions> [default: go+rwx]
ws_exchange will create a workspace, which is executable but not readable for the world.
Its contents are hidden and a additional created subdirectory, which name serves as a password, could be open to the world.

Executing ws_exchange with default options will create a one-day workspace in the default file system with a name starting with "exchange" followed by the date and time and a subdirectory with random name and execute/read/write permissions:

$ ws_exchange

Workspace created on gerris
exchange20081018113236                                      Oct 18 11:32:51  0 days 23 hours
                 /scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-exchange20081018113236-0
 exchange directory ----------------------------------------
/scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-exchange20081018113236-0/Yj2mskvAuC6
------------------------------------------------------------
you might ws_cp2exchange to copy your files to exchange20081018113236

Concerned other user have to be notified about the path ("/scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-exchange20081018113236-0/Yj2mskvAuC6" in the example) e.g. by email. Another example:

$ ws_exchange -w myexchangews -s secretsubdir -d 30 -f lustre -p go+rx

Workspace created on gerris
myexchangews                                                Oct 18 12:43:19  0 days 23 hours
                 /scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-myexchangews-0
 exchange directory ----------------------------------------
/scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-myexchangews-0/kkE2WVIY
------------------------------------------------------------
you might ws_cp2exchange to copy your files to myexchangews

Now the workspace (on the lustre file system) named myexchangews lasts for 30 days.

ws_cp2exchange

Files also have permissions and especially copying files to a ws_exchange workspace these permissions are automatically set too restrictive. It's also a good idea first to change the current directory to the ws_exchange subdirectory and copy to this directory than in the other direction. To simplify this, ws_cp2exchange was created.

$ ws_cp2exchange -h

usage: ws_cp2exchange [cp|mv] [<options>] <src> <wsname>

To copy a file "testfile" to the ws_exchange workspace subdirectory created above simply write

$ ws_cp2exchange testfile exchange20081018113236

working directory: /scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-exchange20081018113236-0/Yj2mskvAuC6
cp  /DDN1/HLRS/hlrs/hpcstruc/testfile .
change permissions to g+rwx,o+rwx
done

Copying whole directories needs an option (see "man cp"):

$ ws_cp2exchange cp -r testdir1 myexchangews

working directory: /scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-myexchangews-0/kkE2WVIY
cp  -r /DDN1/HLRS/hlrs/hpcstruc/testdir1 .
change permissions to g+rwx,o+rwx
done

(The "cp" can be omitted, since copy is the default mode.)

To move a directory (or file) use the "mv" mode:

$ ws_cp2exchange mv testdir2 myexchangews

working directory: /scratch2/ws/hpcstruc-myexchangews-0/kkE2WVIY
mv  /DDN1/HLRS/hlrs/hpcstruc/testdir2 .
change permissions to g+rwx,o+rwx
done

ws_exchange replacements

Note: The ws_exchange utility is not needed any more due to the introduction of ACLs and the new ws_share workspacetool.

Usage of ACLs

Since Access Control Lists are now enabled, there's not only user, group and other to specify the permissions for file objects, but a list. Creating a new workspace, the directory could be made e.g. readable to a specific user SHAREUSER like

$ WSDIR=ws_allocate $WSNAME

$ setfacl -d -m u:$SHAREUSER:r $WSDIR

ws_share

see the Workspace mechanism documentation

Jobs

qgen

qgen will generate a job script based on a template.

$ module load cae

$ qgen -h

qgen	a tool to generate(&submit) pbs jobfiles	(version: 2012/03/29, author: Martin Bernreuther <bernreuther@hlrs.de>)
usage: qgen [-n|--nodes <nodes>] [-t|--walltime <walltime>] [-N|--jobname <jobname>] [-w|--workdir <workdir>] [-o <jobfile>] [--submit|--submitq <queue>|--execute] [-] [<template>] [<template_opt1><template_opt2>...] 
      -n|--nodes <nodes>	[default: 1]	number of nodes($QGEN_NODES)
      -t|--walltime <walltime>	[default: 24:00:00]	 walltime ($QGEN_WALLTIME)
      -N|--jobname <jobname> 	[default: <template><datetime>]	job name ($QGEN_NAME)
      -w|--workdir <workdir> 	[default: /zhome/academic/HLRS/hlrs/hpcstruc]	 working directory ($QGEN_WORKDIR)
      -o <jobfile> 	[default: <stdout>]	 save script to <jobfile>
      --submit    	submit immediately (to standard queue)
      --submitq <queue>    	submit immediately to queue <queue>
      --execute    	execute immediately on current host
      -l          	list system templates
      -v          	be verbose
      -h|--help 	 	print help and exit
      <template>	 	template to use
      <template_options>	additional options depending on and passed directly to the template ($*)
qgen will create a pbs jobscript based on a template, substituting
$QGEN_NODES, $QGEN_WALLTIME, $QGEN_NAME, $QGEN_WORKDIR and $* (latter with template options)
Instead of setting the values with command line arguments,
environment variables might be used (except for template options)
These environment variables might be also set in the configuration file
.../.qgenrc, which is sourced at the beginning.
Templates are searched for in $QGEN_TEMPLATE_PATH, actually set to:
...

will print some help and

$ qgen -l

will list all available templates found in the QGEN_TEMPLATE_PATH One of these templates is "test", which doesn't need any further arguments.

$ qgen test

A job file will be printed. Save this job file to "test.pbs" and compare it with the template:

$ qgen -o test.pbs test
$ tkdiff test.pbs /app/rus/struct/bin/qgen_templates/test

(If there's no X avaiable, replace tkdiff with e.g. sdiff)

qgen just replaces some placeholders within the template. Everyone can expand the system writing own templates. The default path for these files is ~/qgen_templates

Now the job script could be submitted with "qsub test.pbs", but... (approx.) the same (for 2 requested nodes) can also be achieved with:

$ qgen -n 2 --submit test

However, omitting the -o option, the executed job script will not be saved for the user.

In general, templates require additional options. The help might give you a hint at the end, e.g.

$ qgen -h abaqus

qgen    a tool to generate(&submit) pbs jobfiles        (version: 2012/03/29, author: Martin Bernreuther <bernreuther@hlrs.de>)
usage: qgen [-n|--nodes <nodes>] [-t|--walltime <walltime>] [-N|--jobname <jobname>] [-w|--workdir <workdir>] [-o <jobfile>] [--submit|--submitq <queue>|--execute] [-] [<template>] [<template_opt1> <template_opt2>...]
      -n|--nodes <nodes>       [default: 1:nehalem:ppn=8]      number of nodes($QGEN_NODES)
      -t|--walltime <walltime> [default: 24:00:00]      walltime ($QGEN_WALLTIME)
      -N|--jobname <jobname>   [default: <template><datetime>] job name ($QGEN_NAME)
      -w|--workdir <workdir>   [default: /zhome/academic/HLRS/hlrs/hpcbern]     working directory ($QGEN_WORKDIR)
      -o <jobfile>     [default: <stdout>]      save script to <jobfile>
      --submit         submit immediately (to standard queue)
      --submitq <queue>        submit immediately to queue <queue>
      --execute        execute immediately on current host
      -l               list system templates
      -v               be verbose
      -h|--help                print help and exit
      <template>               template to use
      <template_options>       additional options depending on and passed directly to the template ($*)
qgen will create a pbs jobscript based on a template, substituting
$QGEN_NODES, $QGEN_WALLTIME, $QGEN_NAME, $QGEN_WORKDIR and $* (latter with template options)
Instead of setting the values with command line arguments,
environment variables might be used (except for template options)
These environment variables might be also set in the configuration file
/zhome/academic/HLRS/hlrs/hpcbern/.qgenrc, which is sourced at the beginning.
Templates are searched for in $QGEN_TEMPLATE_PATH, actually set to:
/zhome/academic/HLRS/hlrs/hpcbern/qgen_templates /opt/cae/bin/qgen_templates

abaqus template_options: [<version>] <abaqus-options>
                         cpus and mp_mode are set automatically
               examples: job=<jobname>
                         692 job=<jobname> inp=<inputfile> user=<usrprgfile> scratch=.

ABAQUS options:
                job=job-name
                [input=input-file]
                [user={source-file | object-file}]
                [oldjob=oldjob-name]
                [fil={append | new}]
                [globalmodel={results file-name | output database file-name}]
                [domains=number-of-domains]
                [dynamic_load_balancing]
                [standard_parallel={all | solver}]
                [gpus=number-of-gpgpus]
                [memory=memory-size]
                [interactive |  background | queue=[queue-name][after=time]]
                [double={explicit | both | off | constraint}]
                [scratch=scratch-dir]
                [output_precision={single | full} ]
                [field={odb | exodus | nemesis} ]
                [history={odb | csv} ]
                [madymo=MADYMO-input-file]
                [port=co-simulation port-number]
                [host=co-simulation hostname]
                [listenerport=Co-Simulation Engine listener port-number]
                [remoteconnections=Co-Simulation Engine host:port-number, remote job host:port-number]
                [timeout=co-simulation timeout value in seconds]
                [unconnected_regions={yes | no}]

(Nutzung dieses Templates in eigener Verantwortung - use this template on your own responsibility)

Submitting an ABAQUS job on 4 nodes is as easy as executing

$ qgen -n 4 --submit abaqus job=<jobname>

with <jobname> as ABAQUS inputfile (absolute path or relative path to the current directory). Typically qgen is executed within a writable directory and a workspace is used here. As mentioned before, more control is gained, if the PBS jobfile is generated first and submitted afterwards, like with this LS-Dyna example:

$ qgen -o lsdyna.pbs -n 8 dyna i=<inputfile>
$ qsub lsdyna.pbs

Before the submission with qsub, the jobfile might be changed/tuned.

The qgen command can also be used within LSOPT for LS-Dyna optimization/DoE runs. After loading the necessary modules (module load cae lstc) start "lsoptui" to do the configuration. Within the "Solvers" tab, after choosing "LS-DYNA" as "Solver Package Name", a "Command" like "qgen --submit -n 1:ppn=8 -o job.pbs dyna" will generate and submit the LS-Dyna jobs, controlled by lsopt.

There's also a simple template to execute a single command:

$ qgen -N cmdtoptest --submit cmd top -b -n 1

The -N option sets the jobname and affects the names of the stdout/stderr files. The output of the command "top -b -n 1" can thus be found in the cmdtoptest.o* file. The error output cmdtoptest.e* is hopefully empty...

qgen customization

The preset qgen templates can be augmented through user defined ones. qgen will check the directory ~/qgen_templates for templates by default and files in this directory will be preferred over the preset templates. There's also the environment variable $QGEN_TEMPLATE_PATH to define, which directories qgen should include, searching for the given template name.

To start with a first example, a simple helloworld template will be created (if you're not familar with vi and you have X enabled, use another editor like nedit,kwrite,...):

$ mkdir ${HOME}/qgen_templates
$ vim ${HOME}/qgen_templates/helloworld

The content of ~/qgen_templates/helloworld might look like

#!/bin/bash
#QGENHELP pbs jobscript file for testing/demonstration purposes
#QGENHELP helloworld template_options: <name>
#PBS -l nodes=$QGEN_NODES
#PBS -l walltime=$QGEN_WALLTIME
#PBS -N $QGEN_NAME
cd $QGEN_WORKDIR
echo -e "Hello world!\nThe current working directory is $PWD and my name is...\n$*"

The $QGEN_XXX strings will be replaced by qgen with some job specific data according to default values and the qgen options set.

Now we can use this template to submit a first job (the cae module has to be loaded only once - otherwise the full path to qgen has to be typed...):

$ module load cae
$ qgen -h helloworld
$ qgen -o helloworld.pbs --submit helloworld Rumpelstilzchen

The help message will also display the QGENHELP part of the template at the end.

qwtime

qwtime will show the (remaining) walltime of a job.

$ module load cae

$ qwtime -h

usage: /sw/general/x86_64/cae/bin/qwtime [-r] [-R] [-e] [--fmt '<FORMAT>'] [--datimefmt '<DATIMEFORMAT>'] [<JOBID> ...]
      -r	print remaining time (FORMAT '%r') [sec]
      -R	print remaining time (FORMAT '%:r') (HH:MM:SS)
      -e	print (estimated) end time (FORMAT '%e') (also see --datimefmt)
      --fmt <FORMAT>	print with format <FORMAT>
        (default:'%j\tjobname:\t%n (jobowner: %o, #hosts: %#h, host1: %h1)\n%j\tjobworkdir:\t%d\n%j\ttime range:\t%s\t%e\t(%:w)\n%j\twalltime      used:\t%:u\t(%us, %%u%)\n%j\twalltime remaining:\t%:r\t(%rs, %%r%)\n%j\t|%b|\n')
        environment variable qwtimeARGfmtDEFAULT (not set)
      --datimefmt <DATIMEFORMAT>	use time format <DATIMEFORMAT>
        (default:'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
        environment variable: qwtimeARGdatimefmtDEFAULT (not set)
      <JOBID>	job ID (default: PBS_JOBID or actual USER jobs)
FORMAT:
      %j	job ID (without suffix, %J with suffix)
      %n	job Name
      %o	job Owner
      %h	job hosts (%h1 first host/MOM)
      %d	job workdir
      %s	start time (also see --datimefmt)
      %e	(estimated) endtime (also see --datimefmt)
      %w	requested Walltime [sec] (%:w [HH:MM:SS])
      %u	used walltime [sec] (%:u [HH:MM:SS], %%u [%])
      %r	remaining walltime [sec] (%:r [HH:MM:SS], %%r [%])
      %b	progress bar
DATIMEFORMAT:	see "man 1 date | grep -m1 -A105 '^ *FORMAT'"

If no JOBIDs are given, the actual running jobs will be queried. Using a --fmt format string, which might include format specifiers, the output can be customized. With options like e.g. -r only a specific information (e.g. remaining walltime in seconds) will be printed (adjusting the format string).

qcat

Whereas the qsub option "-k oe" causes the system to create a *.o* and *.e* file for the standard and error output in the home directory right from the start of a job run, the default behaviour is that these files are kept in a spool directory and moved at the end to the working directory. qcat will show these files using cat or copy the actual version to the working directory.

$ qcat -h

usage: /opt/cae/bin/qcat [o|e] [<JOBID>] [-c] [-t [<N>]]
      o|e      show output or error output file        default:o
      <JOBID>  OpenPBS job ID                          default: last own job
      -c       copy file to final destination          default: no copy
      -t [<N>] show tail (only <N> last lines)         default: show all

MPI/OpenMP

showaffinity

showaffinity will show/print the affinity (pinning) of processes and serves as a replacement of a program to be executed with the same options. The possible places will be marked.

sequential program

$ showaffinity --help
hybrid MPI program to show process to core affinity; <bernreuther@hlrs.de>
Usage:
  showaffinity [OPTION...]

  -h, --help            Print help
  -v, --verbose         Verbose output
  -f, --maskformat arg  mask format template string
  -p, --preset arg      mask format presets
      --marker arg      marker (default: .X)
$ showaffinity.seq
$ taskset 1 showaffinity.seq
$ taskset 0x0000000b showaffinity.seq
$ taskset --cpu-list 0-2,4 showaffinity.seq
$ numactl --cpunodebind=0 --membind=0 showaffinity.seq

OpenMP program

$ showaffinity.omp
$ OMPLACES

MPI program

using MPT on HAWK

$ mpirun showaffinity.mpt -p hawk0
$ mpirun -np 4 omplace -v showaffinity.mpt

hybrid MPI+OpenMP program